Ottawa Counts

Growth Outside Ottawa, 2001 - 2009

Figure 1 - OMATO Housing Starts, 2001 - 2009

This report examines household and population growth in the municipalities surrounding Ottawa for the period 2001 to 2009. These municipalities can be grouped into three categories: 1) municipalities in Ontario that are adjacent to Ottawa (Ontario Municipalities Adjacent to Ottawa - OMATO), 2) The city of Gatineau, and 3) Quebec municipalities adjacent to Gatineau (QMAG). (See Map 1)

OMATO (Ontario Municipalities Adjacent to Ottawa)

OMATO consists of fourteen municipalities from five counties that are either immediately adjacent to Ottawa, or have significant interaction with Ottawa.

The number of households in OMATO grew by about 17.6% or approximately 4,500 units from 2001 to 2009. This is essentially the same as the rate of growth of households in Ottawa over the same period (17.4%), but somewhat higher than the rate of growth in the rural areas of Ottawa (9%). The level of household growth in OMATO has been quite consistent year to year over the nine-year period, as indicated in Figures 1 and 2.

Among OMATO municipalities, Clarence-Rockland (1,610) and Russell (1,232) added the most new dwellings over the 2001 to 2009 period. Both municipalities are part of the Ottawa CMA as defined by Statistics Canada and both are in the United Counties of Prescott and Russell, east of Ottawa.

North Grenville, in the United Counties of Leeds and Grenville, ranked third among OMATO municipalities with 865 units. The trend line for development in North Grenville, unlike Clarence-Rockland and Russell, shows a steep upward slope, indicating an increasing level of development in recent years. This may be the lag effect of better access to Ottawa via Highway 416, which was completed in 1999. North Grenville was the only OMATO municipality in the top half for development that is not on the east - west transportation route of Highways 7, 417 and 174.

Figure 2 - OMATO Housing Starts By County, 2001 - 2009

The Nation municipality, in Prescott and Russell, ranked fourth among OMATO municipalities with 698 new units over the study period. The Nation also has an upward trend line, indicating increasing development in recent years. Highway 417 traverses much of The Nation, providing good access to both Ottawa and Montreal.

Carleton Place, in Lanark County, rounded off the top five OMATO municipalities with 638 starts, similar to the number of starts in the adjacent municipality of Mississippi Mills (635), which ranked 6th. The trend line for housing starts in Carleton Place is slightly positive, although this was influenced by an exceptional year in 2008 when starts more than doubled the previous average. In 2009, starts returned to the historic norm. Apart from the anomaly of 2008, development in Carleton Place and Mississippi Mills was fairly steady at 60 to 80 units per year. Carleton Place, Mississippi Mills, and Beckwith Township will probably experience an increase in development over the next few years with the completion in 2011 of the twinning of Highway 7 to Carleton Place.

The town of Arnprior, ranked seventh with 591 starts, shows an upward trend for development, as does eighth ranked Alfred and Plantagenet Township, on the opposite side of the city, with 508 starts.

The remaining six municipalities in OMATO had fewer than 500 starts each over the nine-year period, and, with the exception of North Dundas, which probably felt the impact of Highway 416, the trend lines for housing starts range from flat to strongly downward. In particular, starts in McNab/Braeside and Beckwith Townships in the west have steep downward trends.

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Map 1 - Greater Ottawa Area

Map 1 - Greater Ottawa Area
The shaded areas are considered part of the Greater Ottawa-Gatineau region based on adjacency and /or on a high percentage of their employed labour force working in Ottawa-Gatineau

On a county basis, to the east of the city, Prescott and Russell had the most growth and the highest rate of growth (22.3%). This amounts to an increase of about 4,400 households over 2001 to 2009, or about 500 new households per year, and accounts for half of OMATO growth.

To the west, municipalities in Lanark and Renfrew accounted for about one-third of the growth in OMATO, or about 2,800 units over the nine years.

Areas to the south of the city, Leeds and Grenville County and Stormont, Dundas and Glengarry, accounted for about 1,470 units or about 17% of OMATO growth.

OMATO Commuters

About 27,350 people lived in OMATO municipalities and worked in Ottawa in 2006: an increase of about 3.7% from 2001. This represents about 39% of the 2006 OMATO workforce, down slightly from 2001 (40%). The OMATO employed labour force increased by 6.3% between 2001 and 2006, while the number of people employed in Ottawa increased by 4.0%. In most OMATO municipalities the proportion of the labour force working in Ottawa decreased between 2001 and 2006. Only in North Dundas (+5%), The Nation (+2%), Montague (+4%), McNab/Braeside (+3%), and Arnprior (0.4%) did the proportion of the labour force working in Ottawa increase between 2001 and 2006.

Just over half of commuters from OMATO to Ottawa came from municipalities in Prescott and Russell, where 45% of the labour force, about 14,000 people, worked in Ottawa. The western municipalities in Lanark and Renfrew Counties accounted for about 30% of commuters and the remaining 20% came from Stormont, Dundas and Glengarry, and Leeds and Grenville. (Table 1)

Figure 3 - Estimated Population, OMATO Counties, 2009

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Population in OMATO

The population of OMATO at the end of 2009 was estimated at 136,842, about 15% of the size of the city of Ottawa. The ratio between the population of OMATO and Ottawa has been declining since 1996, when it was 16.8%.

Ratio of OMATO Population to Ottawa Population, 1991 - 2009
1991 1996 2001 2006 2009 Est
15.7% 16.8% 16.3% 15.8% 15.1%

Source: Statistics Canada (census) and City of Ottawa (2009 Estimate)

Municipalities in The United Counties of Prescott and Russell comprised 60,400, or about 44% of the OMATO total; Lanark and Renfrew municipalities had 47,200 (35%); and to the south, municipalities in Stormont, Dundas and Glengarry and Leeds and Grenville accounted for the remaining 30,000 (21%). (detailed in Table 3)

Figure 4 - Ottawa's Share of Ottawa-Gatineau Population, 1951 - 2009

City of Gatineau

With a population estimated at 262,600 in 2009, Gatineau is by far Ottawa's largest neighbour and is really in a different league from the OMATO and QMAG municipalities, being more than ten times larger than the largest OMATO municipality (Clarence-Rockland).

The number of households in Gatineau grew by about 23% (21,000 units) from 2001 to 2009 to 112,666 units.

Within the city of Gatineau, the former municipality of Aylmer had the highest rate of growth (58%) between 2001 and 2009, adding 7,600 units. The former city of Gatineau grew by 8,425 units (21%) and the former city of Hull added 3,700 units (12%). Buckingham and Masson-Angers combined for about 1,200 units.

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Distribution of Ottawa-Gatineau CMA Households and Population between Ontario and Quebec

The distribution of households and population in the Ottawa-Gatineau CMA between Quebec and Ontario has been gradually shifting from Ontario to Quebec. Ottawa's share of population dropped 2.2% between 1951 and 2006, from 77.6% to 75.3% (Figure 4), while its share of households declined by 5% from 79.9% to 74.2% over the same period. (Figure 5)

Figure 5 - Ottawa's Share of Ottawa-Gatineau Households, 1951 - 2009

Ottawa's share of population has been decreasing more slowly than its share of households. This is the result of Gatineau's average number of persons per household declining at a faster rate than Ottawa's. From 1951 to 2006, Gatineau's average number of persons per household fell by 48%, from 4.7 persons per household to 2.45. Ottawa's average persons per household fell by 41%, from 4.14 to 2.54 persons over the same period. (Figure 6)

This is reflected in the housing stock of the two communities. In 2006, Gatineau's housing stock consisted of 39.2% apartments and 41.2% single-detached units, compared with Ottawa's 31.6% apartments and 43.3% single-detached. Since 1987, apartments have made up 23% of Gatineau's housing starts on average, compared with 20% in Ottawa.

Gatineau's housing market has been driven, in part, by favourable house prices compared with Ottawa. As house prices and other factors change, the relative attractiveness of the markets changes. In recent years, house prices have been rising faster in Gatineau than in Ottawa. According to CMHC, the price of absorbed single-detached houses increased by 13.3% in Gatineau from 2007 to 2009, while in Ottawa they increased by 1.7%. The price of an absorbed single-detached house in Gatineau was 56.7% of the price in Ottawa in 2007: in 2009 the comparable figure was 63.2%. If Gatineau's prices continue to climb, it is anticipated that the share of housing starts will shift more to Ottawa.

Another factor in Gatineau's growth has been increasing employment within the city. Gatineau's labour force has been growing, but the number of Gatineau residents working in Ottawa has not increased. Between 2001 and 2006, Gatineau's employed labour force by about 10,000 while the number of Gatineau residents working in Ottawa remained essentially the same. The proportion of Gatineau's employed labour force working in Ottawa fell from 38% in 2001 to 35% in 2006.

Figure 6 - Persons Per Household, Ottawa - Gatineau CMA, 1951 - 2009

QMAG (Quebec Municipalities Adjacent to Gatineau)

QMAG consists of 16 municipalities, seven of which are included in the Gatineau CMA. (refer to Map 1) QMAG grew by 27% or 4,407 households from 2001 to 2009. The QMAG municipalities outside the Gatineau CMA accounted for only 536 new units over the 9-year period or about 12% of QMAG growth. Within the Gatineau CMA, approximately 3,800 new households were added. The municipalities of Cantley (1,141 units) and Val-des-Monts (982) comprised over half of QMAG growth in households.

An unusual aspect of the QMAG housing inventory is the very large proportion of dwellings that were unoccupied according to the Census. Approximately 26% of dwellings in QMAG were unoccupied in 2006, down from 30% in the 2001 Census. Many of the QMAG municipalities had unoccupied rates of 50% or more in 2006 (in Ottawa, by comparison, about 6% of dwellings were unoccupied). According to the Census definition, these dwellings are habitable year-round (although the requirements for being habitable are not very rigorous), and therefore there is a theoretical potential for a relatively large increase in population without an increase in dwellings 1. If QMAG dwellings were occupied at the same rate as dwellings in Ottawa, the population of QMAG would be about 65,000, compared with the current estimate of 52,700.

Figure 7 - QMAG Housing Starts, 2001 - 2009

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Commuting from Gatineau and QMAG

Approximately 45,000 people or 35% of the employed labour force living in the city of Gatineau worked in Ottawa in 2006, almost identical to the number in 2001. QMAG municipalities within the Gatineau CMA had about 6,700 residents, or 30% of their employed labour force, working in Ottawa. This was an increase of about 900 people over 2001, but a decline in the proportion of their labour force employed in Ottawa, which was about 35% in 2001. The nine QMAG municipalities outside of the Gatineau CMA had 560 residents working in Ottawa in 2006, 16% of their employed labour force, down from about 21% in 2001.

Population in Gatineau and QMAG

The estimated population of Gatineau at the end of 2009 was 262,600. The QMAG municipalities within the Gatineau CMA had an estimated 44,000 people and the QMAG municipalities outside of the Gatineau CMA had and estimated population of about 8,600, for a total combined population of about 315,200.

Conclusions

The following conclusions can be drawn from the above:

  • The city of Gatineau grew at a faster pace than did Ottawa and continued to increase its share of housing and population. However, differential growth between Ottawa and Gatineau shifts from year to year. Development during the 2001 to 2009 period was consistent with the general trend over the past 60 years. The current ratio of population between Ottawa and Gatineau is similar to what it was in the mid- 1970s.
  • Growth in OMATO was relatively stable over the 2001 to 2009 period, and was at a rate similar to growth in Ottawa.
  • The number of workers from adjacent municipalities working in Ottawa increased only slightly between 2001 and 2006. For most municipalities, the proportion of their labour force working in Ottawa declined.
  • The population of OMATO compared to Ottawa has been declining. In 1996, OMATO stood at 16.8% of Ottawa's population. By 2009, it had dropped to 15.1% of Ottawa.
  • Growth in QMAG municipalities was generally higher than in Ontario, but the absolute numbers are much smaller and the level of interaction with Ottawa is lower, particularly among outlying municipalities. Only 560 residents of the QMAG municipalities outside of the Gatineau CMA worked in Ottawa in 2006. QMAG municipalities within the Gatineau CMA are both larger and have a higher level of interaction with Ottawa. On average, about 30% of the labour force (6,700 people) from these municipalities worked in Ottawa in 2006.

1. "Unoccupied dwellings must meet three criteria indicating they are suitable for year-round habitation in order to distinguish them from seasonal homes or cottages. They must have a source of heat or power (as evidenced by chimneys, power lines, oil or gas pipes or meters, generators woodpiles, electric lights, heat pumps or solar panels). They must have access to a source of drinking water throughout the year as evidenced by faucets, drain pipes, wells or water pumps. They must provide shelter from the elements as evidenced by complete and enclosed walls and roof and by doors and windows that provide protection from wind, rain and snow." http://www.statcan.gc.ca/concepts/definitions/priv-eng.htm

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Table 1 - OMATO and QMAG Labour Force Employed in Ottawa, 2001 and 2006
  Total Employed Labour Force 2001 Employed in Ottawa 2001 Percentage of Labour Force Employed in Ottawa 2001   Total Employed Labour Force 2006 Employed in Ottawa 2006 Percentage of Labour Force Employed in Ottawa 2006
PRESCOTT & RUSSELL (Pt) 29,165 13,540 46.4% 31,235 13,940 44.6%
Clarence-Rockland,C 10,730 5,790 54.0% 11,340 6,035 53.2%
Russell, TP 6,875 3,840 55.9% 7,650 3,990 52.2%
The Nation Municipality, TP 5,890 2,020 34.3% 6,090 2,215 36.4%
Alfred-Plantagenet, TP 4,095 1,225 29.9% 4,350 1,145 26.3%
Casselman, Vlg 1,575 665 42.2% 1,805 555 30.7%
STORMONT, DUNDAS & GLENGARRY (Pt) 5,815 1,785 30.7% 5,930 2,080 35.1%
North Dundas, TP 5,815 1,785 30.7% 5,930 2,080 35.1%
LEEDS & GRENVILLE (Pt) 8,255 3,050 36.9% 9,035 3,340 37.0%
North Grenville, TP 6,885 2,790 40.5% 7,590 3,080 40.6%
Merrickville-Wolford, Vlg 1,370 260 19.0% 1,445 260 18.0%
LANARK (Pt) 15,445 6,425 41.6% 16,085 6,210 38.6%
Mississippi Mills, Tn 6,035 2,425 40.2% 6,275 2,330 37.1%
Carleton Place, Tn 4,465 2,050 45.9% 4,645 1,865 40.2%
Beckwith, TP 3,330 1,645 49.4% 3,545 1,650 46.5%
Montague, TP 1,615 305 18.9% 1,620 365 22.5%
RENFREW (Pt) 6,795 1,500 22.1% 7,285 1,780 24.4%
McNab-Braeside,TP 3,560 710 19.9% 3,900 915 23.5%
Arnprior, Tn 3,235 790 24.4% 3,385 865 25.6%
OMATO Total 65,475 26,300 40.2% 69,570 27,350 39.3%
     
QMAG (Within CMA) 16,410 5,790 35.3%   22,470 6,695 29.8%
Chelsea,M 3,380 1,545 45.7% 3,730 1,700 45.6%
Val-des-Monts,M 4,110 1,175 28.6% 5,100 1,405 27.5%
Cantley, M 3,390 1,165 34.4% 4,435 1,315 29.7%
La Pèche, M 3,290 1,030 31.3% 4,005 1,080 27.0%
Pontiac, M 2,240 875 39.1% 2,695 850 31.5%
L'Ange-Gardien, M 1,815 425 23.4% 2,330 300 12.9%
Denholm, M 270 135 50.0% 175 45 25.7%
QMAG (Outside CMA) 2,535 575 22.7% 3,495 560 16.0%
Bristol,M 445 125 28.1% 575 175 30.4%
Low, CT 385 110 28.6% 465 80 17.2%
Mayo, M 210 25 11.9% 335 80 23.9%
Thurso, V 880 90 10.2% 905 60 6.6%
Notre-Dame-de-la-Salette, M 280 20 7.1% 370 50 13.5%
Val-des-Bois, M 225 80 35.6% 310 45 14.5%
Alleyn-et-Cawood, M 70 50 71.4% 100 30 30.0%
Mulgrave-et-Derry, M 125 45 36.0% 165 25 15.2%
Lochaber-Ouest, CT 195 30 15.4% 270 15 5.6%
QMAG Total 18,945 6,365 33.6% 25,965 7,255 27.9%
Gatineau 120,565 45,525 37.8% 130,495 45,320 34.7%
Gatineau CMA 136,975 51,315 37.5% 152,965 52,015 34.0%

Source: Statistics Canada,
Note: L'Ange Gardien and Denholm were not part of the CMA in 2001

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Table 2 - Housing Starts 2001-2009
Municipality 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 TOTAL 2001-2009
PRESCOTT & RUSSELL (Pt) 433 542 545 507 413 417 495 550 492 4,394
Alfred-Plantagenet, TP 50 61 46 52 42 46 67 80 64 508
Casselman, Vlg 52 36 27 28 34 63 25 39 42 346
Clarence-Rockland, C 170 211 168 209 167 150 156 186 193 1,610
Russell, TP 113 174 213 155 115 98 132 133 99 1,232
The Nation Municipality, TP 48 60 91 63 55 60 115 112 94 698
STORMONT, DUNDAS & GLENGARRY (Pt) 37 61 47 50 55 51 115 39 36 491
North Dundas, TP 37 61 47 50 55 51 115 39 36 491
LEEDS & GRENVILLE (Pt) 99 119 107 114 104 98 115 113 109 978
Merrickville-Wolford, Vlg 12 15 15 16 13 6 12 16 8 113
North Grenville, TP 87 104 92 98 91 92 103 97 101 865
LANARK (Pt) 171 260 226 241 218 168 174 269 177 1,904
Beckwith, TP 52 74 48 65 38 33 34 38 48 430
Carleton Place, Tn 47 81 71 85 54 50 54 142 54 638
Mississippi Mills, Tn 57 86 75 66 90 68 62 70 61 635
Montague, TP 15 19 32 25 36 17 24 19 14 201
RENFREW (Pt) 74 126 89 124 120 121 88 104 62 908
Arnprior, Tn 25 72 46 70 86 110 61 78 43 591
McNab-Braeside,TP 49 54 43 54 34 11 27 26 19 317
TOTAL OMATO 814 1,108 1,014 1,036 910 855 987 1,075 876 8,675

 

LES-COLLINES 273 385 502 580 479 471 437 420 324 3,871
Cantley, M 66 98 175 179 122 130 150 123 98 1,141
Chelsea, M 46 32 61 63 35 38 29 34 23 361
La Pêche, M 25 49 45 100 105 59 45 78 36 542
L'Ange-Gardien, M 26 45 55 61 62 55 44 58 54 460
Notre-Dame-de-la-Salette, M 8 8 15 9 8 6 7 7 5 73
Pontiac, M 17 37 38 48 33 50 29 36 21 309
Val-des-Monts, M 85 116 113 120 114 133 133 84 87 985
LA-VALLÉE (Pt) 17 13 12 22 16 15 14 20 8 42
Denholm, M 5 4 1 6 3 7 1 4 0 5
Low, CT 12 9 11 16 13 8 13 16 8 37
PAPINEAU (Pt) 29 32 44 43 32 52 47 32 32 111
Lochaber-Ouest, CT 1 1 9 10 7 13 18 8 8 34
Mayo, M 7 6 7 6 7 7 1 8 4 13
Mulgrave-et-Derry, M 14 9 20 14 2 5 2 3 10 15
Thurso, V 0 6 0 1 5 22 22 3 0 25
Val-des-Bois, M 7 10 8 12 11 5 4 10 10 24
PONTIAC (Pt) 6 6 4 8 2 7 10 8 5 23
Alleyn-et-Cawood,M             4 6 0 10
Bristol, M 6 6 4 8 2 7 6 2 5 13
TOTAL QMAG 325 436 562 653 529 545 508 480 369 4,047

Source:   2001 and 2006 Census, CMHC, and municipal records for housing starts in OMATO and QMAG Municipalities that CMHC does not survey.

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Table 3 - OMATO and QMAG / Population and Households
Municipality Population   Households
1991 1996 2001 2006 2009 Est 1996 2001 2006 2009 Est
PRESCOTT & RUSSELL (Pt) 45,950 52,180 54,126 57,264 60,381 17,535 18,660 20,565 22,230
Alfred-Plantagenet, TP 7,377 8,315 8,593 8,654 8,954 3,000 3,190 3,370 3,588
Casselman, Vlg 2,434 2,877 2,910 3,294 3,668 1,015 1,095 1,245 1,390
Clarence-Rockland, C 15,753 18,633 19,612 20,790 21,675 6,220 6,695 7,490 8,065
Russell, TP 10,659 11,877 12,412 13,883 14,663 3,815 4,040 4,730 5,135
The Nation Municipality, TP 9,727 10,478 10,599 10,643 11,421 3,485 3,640 3,730 4,052
STORMONT, DUNDAS & GLENGARRY (Pt) 10,661 11,064 11,014 17,065 11,467 3,940 4,025 4,175 4,391
North Dundas, TP 10,661 11,064 11,014 2,867 11,467 3,940 4,025 4,175 4,391
LEEDS & GRENVILLE (Pt) 12,624 15,278 16,393 14,198 17,795 5,510 5,965 6,355 6,718
Merrickville-Wolford, Vlg 2,427 2,630 2,812 11,095 2,904 990 1,060 1,115 1,151
North Grenville, TP 10,197 12,648 13,581 11,095 14,891 4,520 4,905 5,240 5,568
LANARK (Pt) 25,404 28,816 30,447 31,169 32,397 10,145 10,980 11,565 12,227
Beckwith, TP 4,564 5,462 6,046 6,387 6,656 1,935 2,150 2,295 2,407
Carleton Place, Tn 7,432 8,483 9,083 9,453 9,925 3,155 3,435 3,700 3,966
Mississippi Mills, Tn 9,788 11,069 11,647 11,734 12,144 3,955 4,235 4,375 4,596
Montague, TP 3,620 3,802 3,671 3,595 3,672 1,100 1,160 1,195 1,258
RENFREW (Pt) 12,143 13,593 14,035 14,380 14,803 5,230 5,500 5,845 6,171
Arnprior, Tn 5,464 6,480 6,843 7,158 7,540 2,925 3,030 3,155 3,415
McNab-Braeside, TP 6,679 7,113 7,192 7,222 7,263 2,305 2,470 2,690 2,757
TOTAL OMATO 106,782 120,931 126,015 134,076 136,842 42,360 45,130 48,505 51,738
     
LES-COLLINES 28,894 33,681 35,188 42,005 44,806   11,900 13,020 15,790 16,982
Cantley, M 4,424 5,443 5,898 7,926 9,157 1,835 2,040 2,745 3,174
Chelsea, M 5,091 5,925 6,036 6,703 6,954 2,100 2,225 2,480 2,579
La Pêche, M 5,854 6,160 6,453 7,477 7,641 2,260 2,550 3,060 3,194
L'Ange-Gardien, M 2,815 3,521 3,610 4,348 4,791 1,150 1,230 1,495 1,656
Notre-Dame-de-la-Salette, M 658 679 706 774 760 275 280 335 351
Pontiac, M 4,501 4,722 4,643 5,238 5,410 1,645 1,730 2,005 2,104
Val-des-Monts, M 5,551 7,231 7,842 9,539 10,093 2,635 2,965 3,670 3,924
LA-VALLÉE (Pt) 1,301 1,300 1,378 1,560 1,590 510 580 675 699
Denholm, M 409 493 526 604 613 185 220 255 260
Low, CT 892 807 852 956 976 325 360 420 439
PAPINEAU (Pt) 4,204 4,294 4,306 4,624 4,825 1,720 1,830 2,020 2,133
Lochaber-Ouest, CT 470 477 460 514 595 160 160 190 228
Mayo, M 370 401 443 549 558 155 180 235 246
Mulgrave-et-Derry, M 233 250 235 389 399 95 105 175 180
Thurso, V 2,507 2,498 2,436 2,299 2,380 1,000 1,020 980 1,026
Val-des-Bois, M 624 668 732 873 892 310 365 440 453
PONTIAC (Pt) 1,311 1,314 1,172 1,458 1,478 495 490 615 627
Alleyn-et-Cawood, M 195 185 179 248 248 70 75 110 114
Bristol, M 1,116 1,129 993 1,210 1,230 425 415 505 513
TOTAL QMAG 35,710 40,589 42,044 49,647 52,699 14,625 15,920 19,100 20,441

Source: Statistics Canada, Censuses
Note 1: 2009 Population was estimated population based on 2006 Census and annual housing starts
Note 2: 2009 Households were estimated based on 2006 Census and housing starts data provided by CMHC or municipal records

Note: To update the estimated number of private households, municipal officials were contacted to determine the number of housing starts in each municipality. Population estimates were based on the estimated number of occupied households multiplied by the average number of persons per household (PPH). The number of persons per household used in the estimates was calculated by reducing the PPH from the 2006 Census annually by the average change in PPH for each municipality between the 2001 and 2006 Census.

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