Sewer Backups & Basement Flooding


Property owners who have incurred damages to buildings or contents should contact their insurance companies for assistance. Your insurer normally submits a claim to the City for investigation and response, on your behalf.

A resident can submit a claim to the City’s Claims Unit, regardless of whether the resident has insurance or not. The process is available at: “How to submit a claim”:

Residents can get more information or access services by:

  • Calling the Application Screening Unit (ASU) at 613-560-6000 if they are having difficulty covering the cost of rent, utilities or food. The ASU takes calls from 8:45 a.m. to 4 p.m. Monday to Friday
  • Calling Ottawa Public Health at 613-580-6744, for health-related information or if you have health concerns

A quick look at our sewer systems

The sewer systems are made up of three different components:

  1. The public sewers are the main sewer lines (sewer mains) that are on City property and are typically buried under the street. They collect and send waste water or storm drainage to an outlet or treatment facility.
  2. The building sewer (also referred to as a sewer lateral or service connection) are pipes that cross your property and connect your home to the sewer main.
  3. Private sewers are not owned by the City but they collect sewage or runoff from more than one property

Why do sewers back up?

The sewer systems are built to handle normal to above-average flows.

Melting snow, groundwater table elevation, rainfall intensity and duration, or any combination of these occurrences can cause the sewer systems to exceed their capacity.

Even the weather and ground conditions (the ground's saturation levels, frost levels, etc.) in the days, weeks, and months leading up to a wet weather event influence the additional water placed within the systems.

What can cause a flood in my basement?

  • Heavy rainfalls, river or watercourse flooding. The sewer system may be unable to handle the additional water, which means water and sewage can back up into your basement. The technical term for an overloaded sewer is a ‘sewer surcharge,’ ‘surcharging,’ or ‘overtaxed’ sewer.
  • Surface drainage (rainfall, spring run-off, snowmelt) entering through surface openings, cracks in walls or the footing drainage systems.
  • Sewer lateral blockages on private or public property. The pipe between your home and the sewer main can become blocked with debris. The cause can be a collapsed pipe, the accumulation of grease, paper, kitchen waste or other foreign objects such as dental floss or feminine hygiene products. Sometimes tree roots are to blame.
  • Main sewer blockages. Sewers can collapse or become blocked by waste and debris. Sometimes the pumping stations located throughout the sewer main system can break down or malfunction. Construction on or near the sewer network can also be a cause.
  • Sewer backups from overtaxing of the City sewer.

If your basement experiences flooding, call the City's Call Centre at 3-1-1 and explain the problem. City staff will be dispatched at any hour of the day or night to investigate the problem and identify steps to remedy the immediate situation. There is no charge for this service.

What is my responsibility?

As a homeowner, you are responsible for the following on your property:

  • All drainage from your property (private sewers, plumbing, protective plumbing devices, pumps, footing drains, building sewers).
  • Grading, which is the actual shape of the ground surface, at the foundation and window wells. Water should drain away from the building and window wells.
  • Roof drainage.

Remember to not send storm runoff and footing drainage directly or indirectly into the City's sanitary or partially-separated sewer systems. This is the most significant contributor to City sewer capacity limitations and basement flooding for these systems. The water should be absorbed into surrounding natural lands instead of the City sewer system.

The City's sewer use (2003-514) and sewer connection (2003-513) by-laws describe permissible discharges in more detail.

Blockages on public property or in main sewers are usually the City's responsibility and they are addressed through regular City programs and on-call response processes.

What can I do to protect my home from basement flooding?

The following measures have been found to help, and are simple to do. Please refer to the checklist of preventative measures that can help to reduce basement flooding as well.

  • Slope ground away from your foundation to allow rainwater to flow away from your home.
  • Seal your window wells, cracks in floors and walls to stop water from entering your home.
  • Have downspouts from your eavestroughs direct water at least 1.2 m away from the foundation of your home or into a rain barrel. Downspouts should never be imbedded into the ground or connected to the sewer system or footing drains.
  • Ensure your footing drains direct water to the storm sewer or sump pump, away from your foundation. Footing drains should not be connected to the sanitary sewer system.
  • Ensure your sump pump is connected to the storm sewer system or that it empties onto your lawn at least 1.2 metres from the foundation wall (not the laundry tub or footing drains).
  • Ensure water run-off on your property is flowing to the ground surface or storm drainage system, not the sanitary system.
  • Install protective plumbing devices (like backwater valves) that protect you against sewer backups. Inspect them regularly to ensure they are operating properly. The installation of these protective devices should be left to plumbing professionals.
  • Seal and tighten your cleanout caps and backwater valve caps.
  • Ensure service connection pipes between the municipal sewer main and your house are in good condition.

Every little bit of help from individual property owners goes a long way to an overall improvement for everyone.

The City has an information brochure on sewer backups, entitled "Sharing the responsibility – Homeowner's Guide to Proper Sewer Maintenance" (PDF, 355 KB) and another entitled "If your Sewer backs up or your basement floods." These brochures provide helpful information about how City sewers work, how they are connected to your home, sources of potential problems, and actions you can take to reduce your risk of backups or flooding. The brochures are available at all City Client Service Centres, or by contacting the City's Call Centre at 3-1-1.

What is the City doing?

The City continuously renews and rehabilitates its sewer systems. We look for opportunities to increase capacity and lessen flooding problems while undertaking routine rehabilitation projects.

What we improve on a street-to-street basis helps support the broader solutions that aim to eliminate flooding in the longer term.

What about the City’s work on the community level?

Measures to give relief to areas that have historically suffered from flooding continue to be a focus of the City's long-range financial planning, budget forecasting and rehabilitation programming. A report to Committee and Council focusing on areas most extensively affected and where repeat flooding has occurred was brought forward to Committee and Council in November of 2005 that mapped out a series of projects to deal with much of the flooding in the partially separated sewer areas.

Examples of ongoing rehabilitation efforts that will assist in improvements include such undertakings as:

  • Sandy Hill Drainage Area Flood Control Study
  • O'Connor Drainage Area Flood Control Study
  • Preston/Brown's Inlet Drainage Area Flood Control Study and Implementation Projects
  • Rideau River Collector Capacity Improvement Projects
  • Glen Cairn/West Nepean Flood Mitigation Project
  • City-wide Trenchless Rehabilitation and Sewer Lining projects

Since most system-wide solutions are complex and extensive, their implementation requires phasing over a number of years. The City’s capital budget typically allocates about $40 million a year to sewer improvement projects across Ottawa, each of which helps improve conditions for the system as a whole.

What is protective plumbing?

Protective plumbing is various devices and/or means of providing some protection to homeowners against the entry of sewage to basements as a result of main sewer backups. Installations designed in accordance with the specific site needs and installed properly can provide a barrier to the flow of backwater and can significantly reduce the potential of basement flooding.

Protective plumbing methods can range from installation of sump pumps and reconfiguration of footing drainage through to the installation of an approved full-port backwater valve on the building's sanitary drain connected to the main City sewer.

The proper fit of protective plumbing can only be defined after careful investigation of site-specific needs, requires building permits, and must be installed in accordance with building code requirements. While they help protect against the sewer backups and basement floods, they are not failsafe and do not solve the broader root cause.

Installing approved protective plumbing devices in accordance with City by-laws and building code requirements will help to protect against main sewer backups. The City of Ottawa's "Residential Protective Plumbing Program" can provide financial assistance toward a portion of the costs of the installation of protective plumbing for some property owners.

Improper implementation or installation of protective plumbing devices is not effective and often lead to aggravating the problem. Please check with the City before undertaking these measures to ensure a full understanding of by-law and permit requirements, and to ensure that any proposed work will actually help resolve your problems.

Definitions

The following terms are commonly referred to when talking about sewers:

  • Foundation drainage or footing drainage means groundwater from the soil around the building’s foundation or footings, underground and the surface that makes its way to the footings, which is collected and sent by foundation drains away from the building to the City’s drainage and sewer networks.
  • Sanitary sewage - wastewater typically from toilets, showers and sink drains
  • Stormwater run-off or drainage - wet weather run-off collected around roads, parks, rooftops, private property and building footing drains
  • Sump pump - a device located in a pit in your basement to pump water from your foundation drainage system to the surface or the City’s storm sewer main
  • Backwater valve - a valve that permits flow in one direction but prevents a return of flow in the opposing direction.
  • Sewer mains, which are the public sewers on City property, can be three different types:
    • Combined sewer - a City sewer system that collects and sends municipal sewage (sanitary sewage), intercepted surface storm water runoff, and foundation drainage, all within a single pipe.
    • Partially separated sewer -a City sewer system that consists of a storm runoff drainage system that collects and conveys intercepted surface runoff, and a separate sanitary sewer system that receives and conveys municipal sewage as well as foundation drainage and some driveway and surface drainage.
    • “Separated sewer“ means a City sewer system in which municipal sewage is collected and conveyed through a sanitary sewer pipe network, and surface storm water runoff and foundation drainage is collected and conveyed through a separate storm runoff drainage system.

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